Table of Contents

• GENERAL
• SPECIFIC ISSUES AFFECTING THE REGION'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• Increasing 'Trend to Internationalization
• Terminology
• Relative Coverage by Country
• FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT BY YEAR 1994-1997 [TABLE]
• The pattern of economic growth within the region
• POPULATION,GDP/capita. GDP and variances in GDP estimation [TABLE]
• GDP DEVELOPMENT (EBRD) 1990 to 1996 plus 1997&1998 forecast [TABLE]
• Deadline for full liberalization
• DEADLINE FOR FULL LIBERISATION [TABLE]
• FIXED LINE INSTALLED BASE FOR 1996 GOALS FOR 2000 [TABLE]
• Political Reliability and the remains of the Communist dream
• Relationship of teledensity & mobiles penetration to GDP/capita
• COCOM restrictions
• Coverage of TV/Radio/CATV
• Leapfrogging of technology
• Exchange rates
• Few and poor information sources
• Liberalization
• Timing
• Procurement
• State of networks
• ISDN
• X25
• The role of deregulation
• Manufacturing/operating companies
• Global communications satellites
• Technical and Financial Aid
• Maintenance of monopolies
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
• EBRD Projects Approved 1991-1995 [TABLE]
• EC Phare programme
• South Korean companies including Daewoo
• NEGOTIATIONS FOR EC ACCESSION
• TRANSNATIONAL LINKS
• Trans-Balkan Link
• Trans-European Link
• Trans-Asia European Link
• Baltica

RUSSIA

• GENERAL BACKGROUND DATA
• Geography
• Federal Structure
• FEDERAL STRUCTURE [TABLE]
• Population Structure
• POPULATION STRUCTURE
• Political
• Economic
• PREAMBLE
• GENERAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTION
• STRUCTURE AND SIZE
• RUSSIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICIES
• THE RUSSIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
• "NATIONAL PLAN"
• Postscript - 50 x 50
• REGULATION AND PRIVATIZATION
• PERFORMANCE & STRATEGY OF MAIN OPERATOR
• THE OVERALL CONCEPT
• ROSTELCOM
• Principal investments
• Cellular interests
• THE REGIONAL OPERATORS
• Relative size and performance
• RELATIVE SIZE & PERFORMANCE OF TOP OPERATORS [TABLE]
• Altaytelecom
• Bashinformsvyaz
• Chechentelecom - see under WLL.
• Chelyabinsksvyazinform
• Chitasvyaz
• Chuvashiyasvyazinform
• Irkutselektrosvyaz
• Irkutskenergo
• Komisvyaz
• Krasnoyarskelektrosvyaz
• Kubanelektrosvyaz
• Lensvyaz
• Murmanskelektrosvyaz
• Nizhegorodsvyazinform
• Omskelektrosvyaz
• Pskovsvyaz
• RusTelCom
• Sakhalinelektrosvyaz
• Samarasvyazinform
• Saratovelektrosvyaz
• Tatarstan Telecom
• Tyumentelecom
• Udmart Telecom
• Uralsvyazinform
• Vladivostokelektrosvyaz
• Yartelecom
• FOREIGN QUOTATIONS
• NETWORK
• PREAMBLE
• Domestic fixed network
• LONGDISTANCE FIXED
• Exchanges
• International exchanges
• Traffic growth
• Transmission
• Major domestic and international links
• Trans-Siberian link
• Kingisepp-St Petersburg-Lappeenranta
• Kingisepp-Tallinn
• Krasnodar-Stavropol- Makhachkala link
• Moscow-St Petersburg
• Moscow-Khabarovsk link
• Kahabarovsk-Nakhodka-Naoetsu-Pusan
• Palermo-Istanbul-Odessa-Novorossiysk-Rostov/Don-Moscow
• Moscow -Samara
• Shigony-Talpai-Apastovo link
• Russia-Georgia Black Sea coastal marine link
• Perm-Yekaterinburg
• TAEFOS (Trans-Asian European Fibre Optic Telecoms Line)
• OTHER EXISTING LINKS:
• International network participation
• FUTURE NETWORK PROGRAMME
• Network concepts and efficiency
• Future structure
• ADNMS (Automated Digital Network Management Systems)
• Private networks (See also under ATM)
• Government and Gazprom fixed line oil networks
• Gazprom rig control and monitoring network
• Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange System (MICEX)
• Petroleum sector DB covering more than1000 Russian oilfields
• OTHER
• ATM
• COMCOR
• WLL
• SATELLITE
• Gorizont
• Express
• Intelsat
• Eutelsat
• SATELLITE SERVICES
• RSCC(Russian Satellite Communications Company)
• Tass Loutch Telecom
• OTHER
• Private links
• Russian satellite launch capability
• ALTERNATIVE OPERATORS
• Baltic Communications, St Petersburg
• Belcom
• Cable and Wireless
• Central Telegraph (Tsentr-Telko), Moscow
• Combellga
• Comstar Telecommunications
• Global One Russia
• GlasNet
• Globaltel
• Golden Line (Moscow)
• GTS (Global Telesystems - previously San Francisco Moscow Teleport = SMFT)
• IDB WorldCom
• Macomnet (Moscow Area Telecommunications Network)
• MCTR
• Metrocom
• MGTS (Moscow Gorodskaya Telephonaya SetTS: DG Vladimir Lagutin)
• MMT (Moscow Long-Distance and International Telephone Company)
• Moscow Teleport
• M-Tel
• Nakhodka Telecom
• PLD Telekom (previously Petersburg Long Distance)
• PTS (St Petersburg City Telephone Network)
• Radio Tel, St Petersburg
• Rascom
• Relcom
• Rosnet International
• Rusnet
• Sakhalin Telecom
• Sovam Teleport (Moscow)
• Sibtelecom
• Sovintel
• Sovtelecom
• Teleport
• Telmos
• Vostok Telecom (Vladivostok)
• Westbalt Telecom (Kaliningrad)
• THE MOBILES SECTOR
• Mobile market history issues and data
• Licensing
• Standards
• Market Structure
• Market Issues
• Mobile market estimates
• "Commersant Daily" numbers
• "Beeline" numbers
• National Russian NMT-450 roaming infrastructure
• SPECIFIC MOBILE OPERATORS
• Arkhangelsk Mobile Network (Arkhangelsk)
• Fora Communications (St Petersburg)
• Ivtelecom
• Millicom International (Luxembourg)
• Moscow Cellular Communications
• Mobile Telesystems
• Murmansk Mobile Telecommunications
• Northwestern GSM (Severo-Zapadny)
• Rosiko
• RTDC (Russian Telecommunications Development Corporation)
• RTK (Russkaya Telefonnaya Kompaniya)
• Telekominvest
• TAIF (Tatarian-American Investment and Finance)
• Uraltel
• Vympelcom
• Pagers
• Mobile Telecom
• Mobile Express Paging
• Multi-Page
• United Paging (or Russian EPS & Vessolink)
• INTERNET
• Size of the market
• Internet Service Providers
• Independent Siberian email venture
• ENTERTAINMENT SECTOR
• TV
• CATV
• OTHER IT SECTORS
• PCs
• Payphones
• SUMMARY

POLAND

• GENERAL BACKGROUND DATA
• PREAMBLE
• NATIONAL PLAN
• REGULATION
• Other Chronological Regulatory Moves:
• LICENSING
• FIXED-LINE LICENCES
• GSM
• DCS1800 Licence
• Data Transmission
• CATV Competition
• Conformity to EU Law/WTO Agreement
• PRIVATISATION
• PERFORMANCE & STRATEGY OF MAIN OPERATOR
• PLANNED PATTERN OF GROWTH OF INSTALLED FIXEDLINES 1996-2010
• TELEDENSITY FIGURES FOR THE VOIDSHIPS [TABLE]-
• FUNDING
• INVESTMENT
• TPSA REPUTATION
• NETWORK
• Standard Domestic Fixed
• Warsaw Business Digital Overlay Network
• Intercity Network
• North-South Link
• International Fixed
• International Exchanges
• ISDN
• ATM/SDH
• WARMAN Network
• WLL
• General
• DECT
• CDMA
• OTHER
• Data Services
• TPSA Service
• X25
• INTERNET
• SATELLITE
• ALTERNATIVE OPERATORS
• Telefony Opalenica
• Telefony Podlaski)
• Telefony Krzeszowice
• RP Telekom/Netia Telecom
• Netia Funding
• SOME MAJOR NETIA HOLDING SUBSIDIARIES
• Telekom Pila (Netia North)
• Telekom Silesia (Netia South)
• Telekom Torun (Netia North)
• Polskie Telemedia (Netia North)
• Lublin Telekom
• Telekom Kujawy (Netia North)
• Other Minor Netia Companies
• OTHER ALTERNATIVE NETWORK OPERATORS
• NASK (Research and Academic Network in Poland)
• Telefonia Lokalna
• Elektrim
• Global One
• Sprint
• Telbank (Warsaw)
• Apexim
• Dacom (Warsaw)
• Cuprum 2000
• Tel Energo
• Prokom
• Centralny Osrodek Informatyki Gornictwa
• Telekomunikacja Debiska
• Polska Telefonika Prywanta
• OTHER
• Private Networks (See also under Regulation)
• MOBILE SERVICES
• CELLULAR
• Status of Systems as of January 1998
• ENTERTAINMENT SECTOR
• CATV
• TV
• New TV Frequencies for TVN
• New Polish Language PayTV Service
• Launch of New TVN Network
• Amalgamations
• OTHER
• Payphones
• PCs
• Pagers
• SUMMARY

HUNGARY

• GENERAL BACKGROUND DATA
• Location
• Population
• Economics
• Political
• PREAMBLE
• NATIONAL PLAN
• Phase 1 1990-1993
• Phase 2 1994-1997
• Phase 3 1997-2000
• PHASE 4 2000 Onwards
• REGULATION
• The Main Legislation
• KEY INDUSTRY BODIES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA
• The Communications Authority (i.e. Hirkozlesi Fofelugyelet or HIF)
• The Telecommunication Forum for the Reconciliation of Interests
• The Telecommunications Engineering Qualifying Committee
• National Radio and Television Board (ORTT)
• The National Board for Communications and Informatics
• Frequency Regulation
• Interconnection
• Regulator's right to own a direct interest in a market player
• Recent regulatory comments
• SUMMARY
• LICENSING
• PRIVATISATION
• PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGY OF MAIN OPERATOR
• INVESTMENT AND FUNDING
• NETWORKS
• STANDARD DOMESTIC FIXED
• Mobile
• INTERNATIONAL FIXED
• Trans-Asia Link
• Fibre Links
• Trans-Europe Telecommunications Network
• Austrian SDH Link
• ADVANCED NETWORKS
• ISDN
• ATM
• WLL
• Satellite
• ALTERNATIVE OPERATORS
• Antenna Hungaria
• Tele Danmark
• The Local Telephone Companies (LTOs)
• Hungarian Telephone and Cable Company
• United Telecom Investment
• Emitel (Szeged)
• MTT
• Deltav (Szeged)
• Digitel 2002
• Jasztel
• Infonet
• Viag
• Hungarotel
• MKM-Tel
• Other
• MOBILE SERVICES
• CELLULAR
• PAGING
• INTERNET
• MARKET SIZE & LEADERS
• ENTERTAINMENT
• CATV ETC
• TV
• SUMMARY

CZECH REPUBLIC

• GENERAL BACKGROUND DATA
• Geographical & social structure
• CZECH REPUBLIC POPULATION STRUCTURE [TABLE]
• Political and Constitutional Structure
• Economic
• LICENCES & MOBILES
• FIXED LINES
• MOBILES
• GSM LICENSES
• REGULATION
• PRIVATISATION AND LEGISLATION
• The Privatisation of SPT Telecom
• PERFORMANCE & STRATEGY OF MAIN OPERATOR
• FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
• 1995
• 1996
• 1997
• Efficiency
• Investment
• Funding
• Targets
• Line installation
• HISTORIC AND PLANNED TELEDENSITY ( Per 100) [TABLE]
• NETWORK
• ADVANCED SYSTEMS
• ISDN
• ATM/SDH
• WLL
• Cable telephony
• Frame relay
• Fibre in the loop
• X25
• Payphones
• ALTERNATIVE OPERATORS
• BT/Concert
• TES Litvinov
• Global One
• Tele Danmark
• Eurotel Praha
• RWE/Aliatel
• MOBILE SERVICES
• Paging
• INTERNET & ENTERTAINMENT SECTOR
• INTERNET
• CATV
• TV
• SUMMARY